In this paper, I address the issue of the possible applicability of the ideas of Karl R. Popper’s social and political philosophy in the contemporary political life of postcolonial countries. Through reference to the reception of Popper’s philosophy in Central and Eastern Europe, I argue that Popper’s writings were effective in catalysing the political wholesale transformation by undermining Marxists’ pretensions to scientific status rather than through his anti-utopian and anti-revolutionary political recommendations. In the context of attempts to apply Popper’s ideas in postcolonial countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa, I claim that the influence of Popper’s social thought on the politics of those countries may not be as effective as expected or desired.

The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the internet.  Today we tend to take the internet for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the internet.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the internet, since Popper died before the internet came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the internet.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the internet.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the internet age. Teaching in the internet age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

'Post-truth' has become a buzzword for numerous current crises: the fragmentation of the media landscape, the ongoing debate about 'fake news', the loss of trust in science, etc. Although these crises take place in society, it is claimed that the roots of post-truth can be traced back to the history of philosophy. Occasionally, it is asserted that Karl Popper's critical rationalism gave rise to post-truth: His rejection of verificationism has limited truth claims in the realm of science. Given the absence of infallible evidence and certainty, critical rationalism calls for challenging scientific authority. I argue that post-truth is compatible with critical rationalism from an epistemological point of view, considering that both positions are critical of certainty. However, in critical rationalism, fallibilism, responsibility, and the idea of criticism are combined, and in this respect, it offers a possible way to overcome the problems that are associated with post-truth. This treatment of the problems of post-truth results from the recognition of moral responsibility to take action on the basis of a hypothesis that remains open to revision.

Since Critical Rationalism is considered by some more of an attitude or mindset and by others a methodological approach to philosophical thinking and practical problem-solving, its application, or more accurately, its epistemological testing grounds, should be expected to be much more wide-ranging than they have been so far. With the exception of some published anthologies on Critical Rationalism and occasional nods to the legacy of Karl Popper’s falsificationist methodology, relatively few applicaions of a critical rational approach to contemporary theoretical debates in the social sciences have been published. I wish here to critically challenge the (optimistic) Hegelian and by extension the neoliberal view of the progress of American capitalism by reframing it with the Marxian notion of expropriation as applied to enslavement on plantations. The logic of enslavement as a process by which brutal exploitation has been practiced for centuries offers a falsifying test case of the rationality of capitalism and its promise of individual freedom of choice. This essay is an explicit exercise in the potential power of a version of Popperian critical rationalism being applied to the intersection of modern liberalism and capitalism, exploring the imbrication of a critical and rational analysis.

Background & Aims: The quality of drinking water includes the microbial, chemical and physical parameters of water, and non-standard values of these parameters cause water pollution. Water improvement has a direct relationship with the reduction of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to Investigating and determining the critical points Ahvaz drinking water. Materials and Methods: This descriptive sectional study was done during 2019 to 2022 (3 years). Tests and monthly reports are based on the methods listed in the method standard were collected directly from distribution network drinking water in Ahvaz drinking water. Statistical analysis, including the one-sample t-test was used to compare the average with the standard level. The significance level was 0.05 used by SPSS version 22 software in all analyses. Results: result of this study, out of 172 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to broken water pipes, 62 cases are in the west region and 110 cases are in the east region. Based on result, out of 22 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to the lack of sewage overflow in 1 case in the western region and 21 cases in the eastern region. In total, there is a significant difference in the occurrence of crisis causes in the water network between the east and west regions of Ahvaz, and the east region (86.4% of crisis cases) has a higher percentage of crisis causes than the west region of Ahvaz (13.6%). from crisis cases) is included. Conclusion: In general, the best way to guarantee the quality of drinking water, reduce incidents and record critical cases in the drinking water distribution network is to implement a comprehensive management system with the cooperation of all relevant organizations. The new approach of the World Health Organization (WHO) to achieve this goal is to implement the water safety program.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced snip) represents a DNA sequence variant of a single base pair with the minor allele occurring in more than 1% of a given population. The broad field of applications for SNPs induced a pressing need for effective instruments for SNP detection. During the last decade a considerable number of methods for SNP discovery (search for new SNPs) and detection (recognition of already known SNPs) were developed. Studying the association between quantitative phenotype and SNPs has been a major challenge in genetics. To understand underlying mechanisms of complex phenotypes, it is often necessary to consider joint genetic effects across multiple SNPs. In this article, SNPs and their role in association studies were reviewed.

Background and objectives: The examination of critical points in metropolises shows the unpleasant consequences of the formation of these points, traumatic areas or hotspots. The purpose of this study was to identify, classify and rank these consequences. Methodology: In terms of its objectives, this study is of an applied-developmental research type and in terms of data collection procedure it is a descriptive-survey study which has been conducted using quantitative approach with the next ten-year horizon in Tehran metropolis. A researcher-made questionnaire containing 31 items was distributed among the experts and 44 analyzable questionnaires were collected. The collected data were analyzed after validation and the consequences that were confirmed by the one-sample t-test at 95% confidence level were ranked using Friedman test. Findings: Thirty-one extracted consequences were endorsed and ranked in four socio-cultural, physical, control and supervision, and economic dimensions. Friedman's chi-square test with 30 degrees of freedom at the significant level 0. 001 was equal to 149/498. Results: The results of the ranking of the extracted consequences show that the most important consequences of the formation of critical points in the metropolis are: "the juxtaposition of professional and long-term offenders" followed by "opportunities for crime in the environment" and "the potential for creation of criminal hotspot in the region". This means that the convergence of crime commitment as the result of the juxtaposition of criminals increases with the formation of critical points and strengthens the ground for criminal hotspot in the critical points. Therefore, with a view on these consequences and monitoring different areas of the city, it is necessary for the police and urban management to monitor the formation grounds and to prevent the formation of critical points.

Here I present a critical edition of one of Ibn Sina`s short treatises containing subtle points in logic. So far only half of it, which is not devoid of errors, has been published in the margins of Mulla Sadra`s commentary on the book: al-Hidaya al-Athiriyya, in the lithographic edition. My critical edition is based on three manuscripts from the libraries of Istanbul and a manuscript from the Senate House of Iran library (Majles-e-Sena), in addition to the above mentioned incomplete lithographic edition.Some of the features of this treatise in contrast to Ibn Sina`s other logical writings are: the priority given to 'assertion' (tasdiq) over 'conception' (tasawwur); a brief but comprehensive classification of the four human faculties; a different definition for 'proposition'; and the classification of propositions into 'predicative', 'connective' and 'disjunctive', without mentioning the conditional. Furthermore, it should be noted that in this treatise singular propositions are confined to predicative ones.